The test that records your sleep data is called polysomnography. It will record a wide array of body functions: heart rate and rhythm, breathing, snoring, airflow, the levels of oxygen in your blood, brain activity, sleep position, and your leg movements. You are not attached to any machine beside your bed, and so doing toilet trips won’t be a problem. If you know you are a restless sleeper, all you need to do is make sure that the sensors are firmly attached.
Below is an example of the sleep study summary graph.
If you have a referral from your GP, Medicare will cover the bulk of the Home Sleep Study cost, and all you need to pay is a small co-payment. The additional co-payment covers minor costs and the exact amount will be advised when you call to make an appointment. You will need to pay this during your sleep study appointment.
For our Brisbane home sleep study appointments, we use two types of equipment: the Embletta MPR and the Alice PDX.
Both are devices for portable diagnosis of sleep breathing disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea used by sleep labs, office-based doctors and home care providers. They provide for a 12 -16 lead channel study and are easy for the sleep technician to set up for the patient’s use in the comfort and privacy of their home.
Embletta MR
Alice PDx
The Alice PDX and the Embletta MR satisfy international portable testing requirements (for eg. A.A.S.M.levels II, III and IV) and provides capabilities of basic screening to advanced diagnostic evaluation.
Some of the features that make them ideal for medical professionals and patients include portability, ease of use, and accurate results. They are compact machines that can be easily transported from one location to another. Weighing not more than 1.6 kg make them ideal for use in both clinic and field settings.
Sleep apnea is a serious medical condition that occurs when a person stops breathing during sleep. Unfortunately, it is often undiagnosed until a bed partner or a family member tells you that you may have it. If no one is around to tell you, there are some early warning signs that tell you may be at risk for sleep apnea, including snoring, fatigue during the day, and waking up frequently during the night.
Here are some reasons why sleep apnea needs to be tested for and treated.
Health Problems
Cardiovascular Disease
A study published in the Medical Journal of Australia shows that sleep apnea can cause heart diseases like hypertension, strokes, cardiac arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease, and heart failure. This is because when your breathing regularly stops throughout the night, you are not getting the oxygen that your body needs. When you do not get enough oxygen, your heart has to work harder to pump blood around your body.
Diabetes
A study published by the Sleep Foundation lists several links between sleep apnea and insulin resistance, which is a precursor to diabetes. There are numerous pathways as to how sleep apnea can cause insulin resistance. One, sleep apnea leads to chronic inflammation. Two, sleep apnea leads to changes in hormones that regulate blood sugar. The report by the Sleep foundation mentions several serious pathways that lead to insulin resistance clearly signifying that sleep apnea can increase the risk for diabetes.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia
New research by Australian and Icelandic researchers, led by RMIT University and published in the journal Sleep has confirmed long-suspected links between sleep apnea and Alzheimer’s disease. The research found that people with sleep apnea are more likely to have signs of brain damage on MRI scans, including reduced brain volume and white matter abnormalities. They also found identical signs of brain damage in both conditions. Studies from other institutions also found that people with sleep apnea were more likely to perform poorly on cognitive tests, and that these cognitive deficits were similar to those seen in Alzheimer’s disease.
These findings suggest that sleep apnea may be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, or that the two conditions share common underlying mechanisms.
Driving Drowsy and Road Accidents
Because sleep apnea causes sleep deprivation, it can lead to daytime sleepiness, difficulty to concentrate and focus on tasks, and unable to stay alert. It is also one of the leading causes of driving drowsy road accidents which is a major problem on our roads. Sleep apnea is a major contributing factor to this, which makes it crucial to get tested and treated so you that you can stay safe while driving.
WARNING: If you are sleep deprived, get enough sleep before driving. In some countries and states, it is considered an offense to drive when fatigued. If you suspect you have sleep apnea, talk to your doctor about testing and treatment options.
Depression
Studies have shown that people with sleep apnea are more likely to suffer from depression than those who do not have the disorder. One theory is that sleep apnea disrupts the body’s natural sleep cycle. This disruption can lead to changes in the levels of certain hormones, including serotonin, which plays a role in mood regulation. In addition, sleep apnea can cause chronic sleepiness, which can further contribute to feelings of chronic fatigue and irritability.
If you think you may have sleep apnea, it is important to talk to your doctor and get a sleep test. A home sleep test is easy and convenient, and you can sleep in the comfort of your own bed. If you suspect you have sleep apnea, talk to your doctor about having a home sleep test and find the right treatment for you.
Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder that occurs when breathing is interrupted during sleep. It affects millions of people worldwide and most of them may not even be aware that they suffer from the condition.
Breathing stops several times, sometimes every minute, throughout the night, preventing people from getting enough oxygen. These interruptions to your breathing can last from a few seconds to more than a minute many times an hour. Imagine not breathing for 15-60 times over several hours through the night!
TYPES OF SLEEP APNEA AND THEIR CAUSES
There are two main types of sleep apnea: obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
This is the most common type of sleep apnea due to obstruction in the throat which blocks the airway during sleep. Breathing pauses approximately 10 to 60 seconds between loud sounds that have been described as snores, snorts, gurgles, and gasping for air.
The narrowing of the upper airway can be a result of several factors:
inherent physical characteristics like narrow or crooked airway passages
excess weight with heavy throat tissue that collapse while sleeping
smoking which damages airway passages
alcohol consumption which may cause loss of firmness around throat muscles
Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)
This is caused by a delay in the signal from the brain to the lungs. As a result, your lungs ‘forget’ to breathe while you sleep. This is a rare type of sleep apnea and if our portable PSG detects it, we will refer you back to your GP as this may signal deeper health conditions relating to the heart and brain.
With both obstructive and central apnea, your brain, not getting enough oxygen, must wake you up briefly to breathe — sometimes hundreds of times during the night. These arousals are not gentle episodes of awakening, but are characterised by jerks, gasping, snorts, and gurgles, and are accompanied by spikes in blood pressure and heart rate. Usually there is no memory of these brief awakenings.
So the difference between OSA and CSA:
Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when the muscles in the throat relax and block the airway.
Central sleep apnea occurs when the brain does not send signals to the muscles to breathe.
Our service focuses mainly on OSA, obstructive sleep apnea, as it is more common and easier to treat.
SYMPTOMS
Sleep apnea happens only while you’re sleeping. You probably wouldn’t know you had it until your bed partner or a family member pointed it out to you. They’re bothered by your snoring and the sounds you make. And they will tell you that they witness that you stop breathing during sleep followed by gasping and snorting.
Here’s a video showing OSA episodes. Note that no snoring occurs during the worse apnea events because the airway is completely closed. But the person is struggling hard to breath, as seen by the effort of his chest. Our appreciation to the owner of this video for posting it.
If you don’t have anyone in your household who witnesses your breathing stops, the following symptoms will give you a hint that you may have sleep apnea.
You know that you snore loudly.
You wake up frequently during the night.
You wake up feeling fatigued.
Chronic daytime sleepiness and tiredness.
Difficulty concentrating during the day.
You’re irritable and depressed.
You find you can’t cope with problems well.
You notice you have mood swings.
To be sure that you have sleep apnea and to measure its severity, you can request for a polysomnogram, otherwise known as a sleep study or a sleep test.
HOW SLEEP APNEA AFFECTS YOU
Too often, a lot of people think their problem is simply a bad case of snoring. If left untreated, however, sleep apnea can lead to serious health problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, brain damage, and even death. You can learn more about the problems arising from untested and untreated sleep apneahere.
Sleep apnea can also affect you outside of your health. And although this aspect of sleep deprivation is not often spoken about, its effects on personality and behavior are just as important.
For example, sleep deprivation can lead to fatigue during the day making it difficult to concentrate and make it harder to focus on tasks. It can also cause mood swings and irritability, and difficulty controlling their emotions. Accidents that costs lives and loss or damage to property and businesses can also be blamed on sleepiness and fatigue.
